It finally worked. For the benefit of others here is what I experienced:
I tried using some existing 12+ ATK% gear that I already had. It is possible (likely) some of it may have already been put on a champ at some point. This did not work.
I then farmed a new set of ATK% gear and equipped it onto the same champ I had tried previously. That did not work.
Final approach: Farmed a new set of ATK% gear and equipped it onto a new champ.
They really ought to fix this bug or get rid of this quest altogether. I wasted at least an hour and 2-3 refills of energy trying to farm pieces worth keeping, before i gave up and just used trash.